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Charles Wheelan, an economist and author, has not specifically detailed his views on international trade. However, based on his economic philosophy, we can infer some possible perspectives.

Wheelan is a proponent of Keynesian economics, which suggests that markets should be allowed to work themselves out without government intervention. This could imply that he supports free trade, as it allows markets to interact and compete without government-imposed barriers.

Strengths of international trade, according to this perspective, could include increased competition, access to a broader range of goods and services, and the potential for economic growth and development.

However, the weaknesses could be that it might lead to job losses in certain sectors due to competition with cheaper foreign labor, and it could potentially exacerbate income inequality, as benefits of trade may not be evenly distributed.

Remember, these are inferred views based on Wheelan's economic philosophy, not his explicit statements.

Charles Wheelan has not specifically discussed the strengths and weaknesses of externalities in his works. However, based on his economic views, we can infer some possible perspectives.

Strengths: Externalities can lead to innovation and growth. For example, a positive externality could be the development of new technologies that benefit society.

Weaknesses: Externalities can lead to market failures. Negative externalities, such as pollution, represent costs not accounted for in the market price, leading to overproduction and inefficiency.

Remember, these are inferred views based on Wheelan's general economic philosophy and may not represent his exact thoughts on externalities.

A free market system ensures fairness by promoting competition. In a free market, businesses compete with each other to provide the best products or services at the most competitive prices. This competition benefits consumers as they have a wider range of choices and can choose the product or service that best meets their needs and budget. Additionally, in a free market, success is determined by the market, not by government intervention or favoritism. Therefore, anyone with a good idea and the willingness to work hard has the opportunity to succeed.

The potential risks of a free market system include the possibility of economic inequality, exploitation of workers, and market failures due to lack of competition. There's also a risk of businesses prioritizing profit over social welfare, leading to negative externalities such as environmental damage. Furthermore, in a completely free market, there's no guarantee of basic services for all citizens, as businesses may not find it profitable to provide these services in certain areas or to certain populations.

A high concentration of Human Capital in a small segment of the population can lead to economic inequality and social stratification. This is because those with high human capital - skills, knowledge, and experience - are more likely to secure high-paying jobs, accumulate wealth, and gain social prestige. This can create a divide between the 'haves' and the 'have nots', leading to social tension. Moreover, it can also lead to a waste of potential human capital in those who are not part of this small segment, as their skills and talents may not be fully utilized or recognized.

The concept of Human Capital applies to industries with a high degree of automation in several ways. Firstly, even in highly automated industries, human capital is essential for the design, maintenance, and improvement of automated systems. Secondly, human capital in the form of skills and knowledge in managing and integrating automation into business processes is crucial. Lastly, as automation takes over routine tasks, the value of human capital may shift towards more complex problem-solving and creative skills.

If the Federal Reserve maintains interest rates at a constant level, it could have several potential consequences. On one hand, it could provide stability and predictability for businesses and investors, which could encourage economic activity. However, it could also lead to problems if the economy needs a boost or cooling down, and the Fed is not adjusting interest rates to respond to these needs. For example, if inflation is rising and the Fed does not raise interest rates, it could lead to an overheated economy. Conversely, if the economy is in a downturn and the Fed does not lower interest rates, it could prolong the recession.

The Federal Reserve's control of interest rates directly impacts the cost of living. When the Fed lowers interest rates, it stimulates economic growth as corporations are more incentivized to borrow money for investment purposes, which can lead to job creation and wage growth. However, if the economy grows too quickly, it can lead to inflation, which increases the cost of goods and services, thereby increasing the cost of living. Conversely, when the Fed raises interest rates, it slows down borrowing and spending, which can help to control inflation and stabilize the cost of living.

Naked Economics provides a deeper understanding of the effects of the free market on society by breaking down complex economic concepts into understandable terms for the layman. It explains the workings of the economy in an entertaining way, highlighting the benefits and defects of capitalism. It also explains why capitalism is preferred in developed countries over all other markets. The book helps readers understand how the free market influences everyone in a society.

Naked Economics presents several innovative ideas. One of them is the concept of making economics accessible and understandable to the layman, breaking down complex terminologies and concepts. It also presents a fresh perspective on capitalism, explaining its benefits and defects, and why it's preferred in developed countries. The book also emphasizes the influence of the free market on every individual in a society, which is a surprising idea for many.