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What is "Kanban"? Kanban is a project management framework that uses a notecard visualization to style cards on a board so team members can easily see where each task or project is in a series of workflow stages. The Kanban system, invented at Toyota, helped transform the automaker from selling less than three hundred cars a year to one of the largest automakers in the world and making hundreds of billions in revenue as of 2021. Below, we explain Kanban and its origins, how a "Kanban Board" works, and how you can download and customize the Kanban Board spreadsheet template we created to get started.

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The role of a dashboard in a Kanban system is to provide a visual representation of the workflow. It allows team members to easily see where each task or project is in a series of workflow stages. This helps in tracking progress, identifying bottlenecks, and improving overall efficiency.

The Kanban system manages task dependencies by visualizing the workflow. Each task is represented by a card on the Kanban board, and the position of the card on the board indicates its status in the workflow. This allows team members to easily see the status of each task and understand the dependencies between tasks. If a task is dependent on another, it cannot move to the next stage until the task it is dependent on is completed. This system helps to ensure that tasks are completed in the correct order and that no task is overlooked.

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Kanban explained

The Kanban system was developed by the industrial engineer Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in the 1950s. The term Kanban comes from two Japanese words, "Kan" 看 which means sign, and "Ban" 板, which means board, aka "signboard." The term was popularized in Japan around the 1600s when the economy took off, and Japanese towns were flooded with competing businesses that needed artful signboards to stand out and compete for customers. This tradition has continued to the neon, LED, and 3D billboards that populate Japanese cities today. The best of these signboards communicated their core value in as clear and concise a way as possible.

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The Kanban system helps in communicating the core value of a project by providing a visual representation of the work process. It allows team members to see the status of every piece of work at any time. This transparency helps teams understand their work and how it aligns with the project's core value.

The different stages in a custom workflow of a Kanban board typically include: To Do, In Progress, and Done. However, these stages can be customized based on the specific needs of a project or team. For example, some teams may include stages like Backlog, Review, or Testing.

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Ohno's Kanban system uses signs cards on a signboard to visually show what stage a task is in, and prompt viewers on which actions to take next in a process workflow. In Ohno's own words, the system was designed, "to produce only what is needed, when it is needed and in the amount needed." Ohno invented this system at the behest of Toyota CEO Kiichiro Toyoda, who wanted Toyota to compete with the productivity of American car companies in under three years. However, the company was in such rough shape they couldn't even hire any new employees. They didn't have the equipment Americans had, and couldn't hire new people, so they had to develop an internal system to increase their productivity.

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The key differences between the Kanban system and traditional project management methods lie in their approach to workflow and productivity. The Kanban system, invented by Taiichi Ohno for Toyota, uses visual cues (sign cards on a signboard) to indicate the stage of a task and prompt the next actions in a process workflow. It is designed to produce only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing waste. Traditional project management methods, on the other hand, often involve detailed upfront planning and a linear approach to task completion, which may not be as flexible or responsive to changes in demand or capacity.

The Kanban system contributes to just-in-time production by visually showing what stage a task is in and prompting viewers on which actions to take next in a process workflow. It was designed to produce only what is needed, when it is needed and in the amount needed. This system was developed to increase productivity without the need for additional resources or employees.

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Taiichi Ohno worked his way up to the machine shop manager and eventually became a director. During this time, he identified seven key areas of waste that contributed to reduced performance at the company. In particular, they faced issues of overproduction and raw material stockpiling, which created waste when consumer demand would fluctuate. So Ohno needed to create a system to signal when a new product was required, that could be shared with the production line and the raw materials supplier at just the right time…

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The future of Kanban Boards in project management looks promising. As businesses continue to evolve and adapt to changes, the need for efficient project management tools like Kanban Boards is increasing. They offer a visual way to manage tasks and workflows, which can greatly improve productivity and efficiency. Furthermore, with the rise of remote work and digital transformation, digital Kanban Boards are becoming more prevalent. They can be easily integrated with other project management tools and can be accessed from anywhere, making them a great tool for distributed teams. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of Kanban Boards largely depends on how well they are implemented and used within a team or organization.

Kanban Boards have evolved significantly over time. Initially, they were physical boards used in manufacturing settings, like in Toyota where Taiichi Ohno developed the system to improve efficiency and reduce waste. The boards used visual signals to indicate when new products were needed, helping to manage overproduction and raw material stockpiling. Over time, the use of Kanban Boards has expanded beyond manufacturing to other industries, including software development and project management. They have also transitioned from physical to digital formats, with many online tools now available. These tools have added features like automatic notifications and integrations with other software, making the system even more efficient.

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The epiphany came in 1956 when Ohno went to the US and visited the American supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly. The system inspired him to use paper cards across the supply chain to track demand and signal actions as needed. These cards would be attached to the production line until a card was finished. The card would then be attached to the car, and once it is sold, the card would go back to the production line. Only when the card would return to the line could the workers start developing a new product. Even then, cards would be held in a "pending queue" until they hit a specific number, which indicated there was enough demand to continue. (Source)

Cards weren't just used for cars - but every material in the production process had its own Kanban card so that suppliers would work off the same system. This reduced stockpiling, improved efficiency, and provided visibility throughout the whole supply chain. By 1964, the Kanban system spread throughout the whole company and was used across all processes at Toyota. It eventually led to the larger Toyota Production system, which you can read more about in our Toyota Production System book summary of the same name, or watch a video about as part of our Process Optimization Methodologies presentation template framework explainer.

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How Kanban boards workd

These days, the Kanban system isn't executed with physical notecards. Kanban was eventually adopted by the software industry and is often used with the Lean or Agile project management method. Agile is an iterative project management style, where the manager breaks a big project into smaller projects that are planned, designed, built, and tested individually to ship faster. Because Agile is a project management philosophy, and Kanban is a project management tool, the two can be used simultaneously and even incorporated with the Scrum methodology to work on a group of tasks in a short period known as a sprint. (Source)

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Implementing the Kanban system in the software industry can present several challenges. These include resistance to change, lack of understanding of the Kanban principles, and difficulty in visualizing work and workflow. Overcoming these challenges requires a combination of training, communication, and gradual implementation. It's important to educate the team about the benefits of Kanban and provide training on its principles and practices. Regular communication can help address concerns and resistance. Starting with a pilot project can also be beneficial, allowing the team to adapt to the new system gradually.

The Kanban system enhances Agile project management by providing a visual representation of work at various stages of a project. It helps in tracking the progress of tasks and identifying bottlenecks in the workflow. This allows for better planning and coordination among team members, leading to improved efficiency and productivity. The Kanban system also complements the iterative nature of Agile, as it allows for continuous improvement by facilitating the identification of areas for improvement.

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Digital kanban boards today incorporate colored-coded columns, which represent each separate work stage, and cards, which represent individual tasks or projects to be accomplished. Kanban boards also typically come with what's known as "WIP" limits, which stand for "work-in-progress" limits. These limit the number of tasks in a given column/stage, so no one stage gets backlogged and becomes a bottleneck. Swimlanes can be used to separate tasks across teams, activities, or types of service. (Source)

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Digital Kanban boards like Trello from Atlassian utilize the Kanban system and offer additional functionality to organize information about each task and product. This way, Kanban boards can be used to manage personal to-dos, build an editorial calendar, or manage a sales pipeline. They can help manage a product development roadmap or track a recruitment funnel. But most organizations and product managers don't need advanced software to create their own Kanban board. As Toyota showed, all you need is a clear picture of your workflow, and a way to visualize your project as it transitions through each stage.

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Kanban board spreadsheet

Manage tasks visually

First, enter all the tasks for a current project on the task list. Assign each task its stage, priority, responsible owner, and start and due date. Then, track the work in progress with the progress bars, how many hours it took to complete, and once completed, its final finish date. To edit these dropdowns, you can use the fields tab, to add new responsible team members, stages, and priority levels. You can also set your work-in-progress limit, which is a critical part of Kanban.

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The Kanban Board Spreadsheet aligns with project management and digital transformation initiatives by providing a visual and organized method to track and manage tasks. It allows for digital tracking of tasks, their stages, priorities, responsible owners, and due dates. This digital transformation of task management enhances efficiency, transparency, and collaboration within a project. It also allows for setting work-in-progress limits, a critical aspect of Kanban methodology, thus aligning with project management principles.

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In the Kanban, each task is color-coded by its priority level, according to what stage it's in. If a certain stage has reached its WIP limit, the stage column will gray out. This is used so no part of the workflow gets overwhelmed.

View your tasks on a calendar

If you prefer to sort your tasks according to their upcoming due date, a calendar visualization sorts the task by the first due date on your list, so you can see a full 12-month calendar view of all your upcoming tasks.

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View your tasks with a dashboard

And the dashboard tracks the total amount of tasks that have been completed against those left to be finished, as well as how many tasks there are assigned to each person and across each stage. And that's everything you need to know about Kanban. Don't forget, you can download and customize this Kanban Board spreadsheet for your own project management needs to save time and hours of work.

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The Kanban Board Spreadsheet can help in managing project tasks effectively by providing a visual representation of the workflow. It allows you to track and organize a project's most important tasks. Tasks can be color-coded according to their priority and tracked as they progress through custom workflows. The dashboard also tracks the total amount of tasks that have been completed against those left to be finished, as well as how many tasks there are assigned to each person and across each stage. This can save time and hours of work.

The Kanban Board Spreadsheet aligns with digital transformation initiatives in project management by providing a digital platform for visualizing work, limiting work-in-progress, and maximizing efficiency. It allows teams to see the status of different tasks in real-time, promoting transparency and collaboration. This digital tool can be customized to fit the specific needs of a project, making it a flexible solution for managing work. It also supports the shift from traditional project management methods to more agile and responsive approaches, which is a key aspect of digital transformation.

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And if you want more spreadsheet tools to help you accomplish your most important goals, check out our To Do List spreadsheet template as well as our Task Tracker presentation template for alternative task tracker visualizations and project management tools to get your work done on time, every time.

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