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Synopsis

What is "Kanban"? Kanban is a project management framework that uses a notecard visualization to style cards on a board so team members can easily see where each task or project is in a series of workflow stages. The Kanban system, invented at Toyota, helped transform the automaker from selling less than three hundred cars a year to one of the largest automakers in the world and making hundreds of billions in revenue as of 2021. Below, we explain Kanban and its origins, how a "Kanban Board" works, and how you can download and customize the Kanban Board spreadsheet template we created to get started.

Questions and answers

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The role of a dashboard in a Kanban system is to provide a visual representation of the workflow. It allows team members to easily see where each task or project is in a series of workflow stages. This helps in tracking progress, identifying bottlenecks, and improving overall efficiency.

The Kanban system manages task dependencies by visualizing the workflow. Each task is represented by a card on the Kanban board, and the position of the card on the board indicates its status in the workflow. This allows team members to easily see the status of each task and understand the dependencies between tasks. If a task is dependent on another, it cannot move to the next stage until the task it is dependent on is completed. This system helps to ensure that tasks are completed in the correct order and that no task is overlooked.

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Kanban explained

The Kanban system was developed by the industrial engineer Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in the 1950s. The term Kanban comes from two Japanese words, "Kan" 看 which means sign, and "Ban" 板, which means board, aka "signboard." The term was popularized in Japan around the 1600s when the economy took off, and Japanese towns were flooded with competing businesses that needed artful signboards to stand out and compete for customers. This tradition has continued to the neon, LED, and 3D billboards that populate Japanese cities today. The best of these signboards communicated their core value in as clear and concise a way as possible.

Questions and answers

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To manage multiple projects in your personal life like English courses, fitness, listening to podcasts, homework, etc., you can use the Kanban Board system. This system was developed to visually track and organize a project's most important tasks.

You can create a Kanban Board with columns representing different stages of your projects. For example, you can have columns like "To Do", "In Progress", and "Completed". Each task or step in your projects can be represented by a card that moves from one column to another as you progress.

This way, you can easily see what needs to be done, what you're currently working on, and what you've already accomplished. You can also prioritize tasks by color-coding them.

Remember, the key to effective use of the Kanban Board is to update it regularly and limit the number of tasks in the "In Progress" column to avoid overwhelming yourself.

The Kanban method can be effectively used to organize your personal life. Here's how:

1. Identify Tasks: Write down all the tasks you need to do. These could be daily chores, work tasks, or personal goals.

2. Create Columns: Create three columns on your Kanban board: To Do, In Progress, and Done.

3. Prioritize Tasks: Place your tasks in the To Do column and prioritize them based on their urgency and importance.

4. Move Tasks: As you start working on a task, move it to the In Progress column. Once completed, move it to the Done column.

5. Review: Regularly review your board to ensure tasks are moving through the system and reprioritize as necessary.

Remember, the key to Kanban is visualizing your work and limiting the number of tasks in progress. This helps you focus and increases productivity.

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Kanban board

Ohno's Kanban system uses signs cards on a signboard to visually show what stage a task is in, and prompt viewers on which actions to take next in a process workflow. In Ohno's own words, the system was designed, "to produce only what is needed, when it is needed and in the amount needed." Ohno invented this system at the behest of Toyota CEO Kiichiro Toyoda, who wanted Toyota to compete with the productivity of American car companies in under three years. However, the company was in such rough shape they couldn't even hire any new employees. They didn't have the equipment Americans had, and couldn't hire new people, so they had to develop an internal system to increase their productivity.

Questions and answers

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The future of Kanban Boards in project management looks promising. As businesses continue to evolve and adapt to changes, the need for efficient project management tools like Kanban Boards is increasing. They offer a visual way to manage tasks and workflows, which can greatly improve productivity and efficiency. Furthermore, with the rise of remote work and digital transformation, digital Kanban Boards are becoming more prevalent. They can be easily integrated with other project management tools and can be accessed from anywhere, making them a great tool for distributed teams. However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of Kanban Boards largely depends on how well they are implemented and used within a team or organization.

Kanban Boards have evolved significantly over time. Initially, they were physical boards used in manufacturing settings, like in Toyota where Taiichi Ohno developed the system to improve efficiency and reduce waste. The boards used visual signals to indicate when new products were needed, helping to manage overproduction and raw material stockpiling. Over time, the use of Kanban Boards has expanded beyond manufacturing to other industries, including software development and project management. They have also transitioned from physical to digital formats, with many online tools now available. These tools have added features like automatic notifications and integrations with other software, making the system even more efficient.

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Taiichi Ohno worked his way up to the machine shop manager and eventually became a director. During this time, he identified seven key areas of waste that contributed to reduced performance at the company. In particular, they faced issues of overproduction and raw material stockpiling, which created waste when consumer demand would fluctuate. So Ohno needed to create a system to signal when a new product was required, that could be shared with the production line and the raw materials supplier at just the right time…

Questions and answers

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The inspiration behind the creation of the Kanban system was the American supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly. During a visit in 1956, Taiichi Ohno, the father of the Kanban system, was inspired by the supermarket's method of tracking demand and restocking based on that demand. This led him to develop the Kanban system, where paper cards were used across the supply chain to track demand and signal actions as needed. This system improved efficiency, reduced stockpiling, and provided visibility throughout the whole supply chain.

The Kanban system improves efficiency and visibility in the supply chain by using a visual method to manage work as it moves through a process. It uses cards (Kanban cards) to represent work items and columns to represent each stage of the process. When a card is moved from one column to the next, it signals that work has progressed to the next stage. This allows everyone involved in the process to see the status of every piece of work at any time. This visibility leads to improved communication and coordination, reducing the time it takes to complete tasks and identify bottlenecks. Furthermore, it helps in reducing stockpiling as each material in the production process has its own Kanban card, ensuring suppliers work off the same system.

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The epiphany came in 1956 when Ohno went to the US and visited the American supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly. The system inspired him to use paper cards across the supply chain to track demand and signal actions as needed. These cards would be attached to the production line until a card was finished. The card would then be attached to the car, and once it is sold, the card would go back to the production line. Only when the card would return to the line could the workers start developing a new product. Even then, cards would be held in a "pending queue" until they hit a specific number, which indicated there was enough demand to continue. (Source)

Cards weren't just used for cars - but every material in the production process had its own Kanban card so that suppliers would work off the same system. This reduced stockpiling, improved efficiency, and provided visibility throughout the whole supply chain. By 1964, the Kanban system spread throughout the whole company and was used across all processes at Toyota. It eventually led to the larger Toyota Production system, which you can read more about in our Toyota Production System book summary of the same name, or watch a video about as part of our Process Optimization Methodologies presentation template framework explainer.

How Kanban boards workd

These days, the Kanban system isn't executed with physical notecards. Kanban was eventually adopted by the software industry and is often used with the Lean or Agile project management method. Agile is an iterative project management style, where the manager breaks a big project into smaller projects that are planned, designed, built, and tested individually to ship faster. Because Agile is a project management philosophy, and Kanban is a project management tool, the two can be used simultaneously and even incorporated with the Scrum methodology to work on a group of tasks in a short period known as a sprint. (Source)

Questions and answers

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Swimlanes in a Kanban board are used to categorize tasks into different lanes based on certain criteria. They can be used to separate tasks across teams, activities, or types of service. This helps in organizing tasks in a more structured manner, making it easier to manage and track the progress of different tasks. It also aids in identifying bottlenecks and ensuring that no one stage gets backlogged.

Work-in-progress (WIP) limits on a Kanban board help prevent bottlenecks in a project by limiting the number of tasks in a given stage or column. This ensures that no single stage gets backlogged, which could slow down the entire project. By setting a maximum number of tasks that can be in progress at any one time, teams can focus on completing current tasks before taking on new ones, thereby maintaining a steady and manageable workflow.

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Kanban board WIP limit exceeded

Digital kanban boards today incorporate colored-coded columns, which represent each separate work stage, and cards, which represent individual tasks or projects to be accomplished. Kanban boards also typically come with what's known as "WIP" limits, which stand for "work-in-progress" limits. These limit the number of tasks in a given column/stage, so no one stage gets backlogged and becomes a bottleneck. Swimlanes can be used to separate tasks across teams, activities, or types of service. (Source)

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Digital Kanban boards like Trello from Atlassian utilize the Kanban system and offer additional functionality to organize information about each task and product. This way, Kanban boards can be used to manage personal to-dos, build an editorial calendar, or manage a sales pipeline. They can help manage a product development roadmap or track a recruitment funnel. But most organizations and product managers don't need advanced software to create their own Kanban board. As Toyota showed, all you need is a clear picture of your workflow, and a way to visualize your project as it transitions through each stage.

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Kanban board spreadsheet

Manage tasks visually

First, enter all the tasks for a current project on the task list. Assign each task its stage, priority, responsible owner, and start and due date. Then, track the work in progress with the progress bars, how many hours it took to complete, and once completed, its final finish date. To edit these dropdowns, you can use the fields tab, to add new responsible team members, stages, and priority levels. You can also set your work-in-progress limit, which is a critical part of Kanban.

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Kanban task list

In the Kanban, each task is color-coded by its priority level, according to what stage it's in. If a certain stage has reached its WIP limit, the stage column will gray out. This is used so no part of the workflow gets overwhelmed.

View your tasks on a calendar

If you prefer to sort your tasks according to their upcoming due date, a calendar visualization sorts the task by the first due date on your list, so you can see a full 12-month calendar view of all your upcoming tasks.

Kanban calendar view with multiple priority levels

View your tasks with a dashboard

And the dashboard tracks the total amount of tasks that have been completed against those left to be finished, as well as how many tasks there are assigned to each person and across each stage. And that's everything you need to know about Kanban. Don't forget, you can download and customize this Kanban Board spreadsheet for your own project management needs to save time and hours of work.

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Kanban task dashboard

And if you want more spreadsheet tools to help you accomplish your most important goals, check out our To Do List spreadsheet template as well as our Task Tracker presentation template for alternative task tracker visualizations and project management tools to get your work done on time, every time.

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